Interfaces were unified with traits and removed as a separate feature, and classes were replaced by a combination of implementations and structured types. In October 2012, version 0.4 was released and added traits as a means for inheritance. Four months later, version 0.3 added destructors and polymorphism through the use of interfaces. In version 0.2, which was released in March 2012, classes were introduced for the first time. Rust's type system underwent significant changes between versions 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4. Rust was named after rust fungi in reference to their hardiness. The new Rust compiler successfully compiled itself in 2011. During the same year, work had shifted from the initial compiler written in OCaml to a self-hosting compiler based on LLVM written in Rust. The project was officially announced by Mozilla in 2010. Mozilla began sponsoring the project in 2009 as a part of the ongoing development of an experimental browser engine called Servo. Rust grew out of a personal project begun in 2006 by Mozilla Research employee Graydon Hoare.

Mozilla Foundation headquarters in Mountain View, California In December 2022, Rust became the second high-level language to be supported in the development of the Linux kernel, the first being C. Rust has been noted for its growth as a newer language and has been the subject of academic programming languages research. Since the first stable release in May 2015, Rust has been adopted by companies including Amazon, Discord, Dropbox, Facebook ( Meta), Google ( Alphabet), and Microsoft. Mozilla officially sponsored the project in 2009. Software developer Graydon Hoare created Rust as a personal project while working at Mozilla Research in 2006. Rust is popular for systems programming but also offers high-level features including some functional programming constructs. To simultaneously enforce memory safety and prevent concurrent data races, Rust's 'borrow checker' tracks the object lifetime of all references in a program during compilation.

Rust enforces memory safety-that is, that all references point to valid memory-without requiring the use of a garbage collector or reference counting present in other memory-safe languages. Rust emphasizes performance, type safety, and concurrency. Rust is a multi-paradigm, high-level, general-purpose programming language. Idris, Spark, Swift, Project Verona, Zig Affine, inferred, nominal, static, strong

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